Viena soļa urīna tests uz C hepatītu
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02.01.2016
Irvainas Kalifornijas universitātes( University of California Irvine) zinātnieki ir izstrādājuši jaunu testu C hepatīta diagnosticēšanai. Pēc Slimību kontroles un profilakses centru (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) datiem pašlaik visā pasaulē ar C hepatītu ir inficēti vairāk nekā 150 miljonu cilvēku. Nereti cilvēki līdz pat nopietnu aknu slimību, piemēram, aknu vēža vai cirozes attīstībai, nenojauš, ka inficējušies ar C hepatītu.
Pētnieku grupa no Aknu ārstēšanas centra ( Liver Centre) Ķīnā kopīgi ar amerikāņu kolēģiem ir izstrādājusi jaunu, ātru C hepatīta ārstēšanas veidu.
Visi līdz šim izmantojamie testi paredz divu soļu analīzes veikšanu vispirms nosaka vīrusa specifisku antivielu - klātbūtni asinīs, pēc tam ar PĶR (PCR) analīzes palīdzību apstiprina, vai vīruss pašlaik ir aktīvs. Pētnieki uzsver, ka ar iekārtām, kuras nepieciešamas šo divu soļu veikšanai, ir aprīkotas nebūt ne visas laboratorijas, kas būtiski samazina C hepatīta konstatācijas līmeni visā pasaulē.
Doktora Ke-Kvin Hu (Ke-Qin Hu) un viņa kolēģu radītais tests ļauj konstatēt un apstiprināt C hepatītu tikai ar vienu soli. Autori skaidro, ka analīzes veikšanai ir vajadzīgs pacienta urīns, nevis asinis, kā lielākajai daļai diagnostikas metožu. Atteikšanās no asins ņemšanas samazina analīzes cenu, kā arī padara daudz vienkāršāku tās veikšanu.
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Source: «One-step test for hepatitis C virus infection developed» | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151114185041.htm | Related research shows blood or urine sample can be used |
Summary:
A cost-effective one-step test that screens, detects and confirms hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has been developed by researchers. Current blood-based HCV testing requires two steps and can be expensive, inconvenient and is not widely available or affordable globally.
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UC Irvine Health researchers have developed a cost-effective one-step test that screens, detects and confirms hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Dr. Ke-Qin Hu, director of hepatology services, will present findings at the Annual Meeting of American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) in San Francisco, Nov. 14-16. Current blood-based HCV testing requires two steps and can be expensive, inconvenient and is not widely available or affordable globally.
"Our novel HCV antigen test system has significantly improved sensitivity and specificity over current tests. Importantly, for the first time, we can use urine specimens for one-step screening and diagnosing of HCV infection," said Hu, professor of gastroenterology and hepatology at UC Irvine School of Medicine. "Finding a more convenient, easy-to-use and cost-effective screening alternative is imperative, because HCV is significantly under-screened and under-diagnosed."
Although the current HCV screening test is specific and sensitive, it cannot distinguish active infection from a previous infection. A blood sample is required, and two steps are required. First, virus-specific antibodies must be detected in the blood. Then, the sensitive HCV RNA PCR test must be administered to confirm whether or not the infection is active. Hu said many developing countries are not equipped to administer the two-step test, especially the HCV RNA PCR test. In the U.S., its cost is above $200. The novel HCV antigen test system developed by Hu's UC Irvine lab could significantly reduce the cost, human resources and time required for the test results.
"The ability to detect infection using urine rather than blood avoids needle stick and blood sample collection, greatly reduces the cost and necessary clinical infrastructure for screening and diagnosis, helping to promote widespread adoption of the test on a global scale," Hu said.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 150 million people worldwide and 3.2 million people in the U.S. are infected with HCV. Effective screening and fast diagnosis are critical for treatment and controlling transmission.
"Those who are HCV infected can now be cured, before a further liver injury and complications develop, but only if they are diagnosed" Hu said.
People with an HCV infection do not usually experience symptoms until more serious liver injury develops, such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The CDC recommends screening tests for high-risk patients, including intravenous drug users, and individuals who had blood transfusions before 1992, as well as those born between 1945 and 1965.
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