HIV izplatību veicināja upju transports un dzelzceļš. Kāda praktiskā jēga ir šiem atklājumiem?
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03.10.2014
Starptautiska pētnieku komanda žurnālā Science norāda, ka attiecīgajā laikā un vietā vīrusa tālākai izplatībai bijuši perfekti apstākļi prostitūcija, nekontrolējama dzimstība, nesanitāri apstākļi vietējās klīnikās kombinācijā ar dzelzceļa attīstību reģionā veicināja strauju vīrusa izplatību uz citiem Āfrikas reģioniem. Pateicoties dzelzceļam, 1920. gados ikgadējā cilvēku plūsma pilsētā pārsniedza miljonu.
Avots: Diena.lv | Zinātnieki noskaidrojuši HIV/AIDS pandēmijas izcelsmes vietu | http://www.diena.lv/pasaule/zinatnieki-noskaidrojusi-hiv-aids-pandemijas-izcelsmes-vietu-14072201 |
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Source: Science 3 October 2014 | The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations°| http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6205/56.abstract |
Rail and river transport in 1960s Congo, combined with the sexual revolution and changes in health care practices, primed the HIV pandemic. Faria et al. unpick the circumstances surrounding the ascendancy of HIV from its origins before 1920 in chimpanzee hunters in the Cameroon to amplification in Kinshasa. Around 1960, rail links promoted the spread of the virus to mining areas in southeastern Congo and beyond. Ultimately, HIV crossed the Atlantic in Haitian teachers returning home. From those early events, a pandemic was born.
Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical approaches applied to HIV-1 sequence data from central Africa, we show that from the 1920s Kinshasa (in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo) was the focus of early transmission and the source of pre-1960 pandemic viruses elsewhere. Location and dating estimates were validated using the earliest HIV-1 archival sample, also from Kinshasa. The epidemic histories of HIV-1 group M and nonpandemic group O were similar until ~1960, after which group M underwent an epidemiological transition and outpaced regional population growth. Our results reconstruct the early dynamics of HIV-1 and emphasize the role of social changes and transport networks in the establishment of this virus in human populations.
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